Ethnic
Diversity-General Population / Diversité éthnique-Population
totale
Groupes
linguistiques / Linguistic Groups
National or official languages:
Edo, Efik, Adamawa Fulfulde,
Hausa, Idoma, Igbo, Yerwa Kanuri, Yoruba, English.
Colonial Language: English
Majority Group: none
Minority Groups: yorouba (19 %), haoussa (18
%), ibo (17 %), fulani ou peul (8 %), ibibio (3 %), le tiv
(2 %), anang (1 %) et ebira (1%).
Number of languages: 515
Total population: 106,409,000
(1998 UN).
|
Groups consisted of at least 100,000 speakers
|
Living Languages |
Alternate Names |
Dialects |
Official Data |
estimation |
| ANAANG |
Anang, Annang. |
Ikot Ekpene, Abak, Ukanafun. |
1,000,000 (1990). |
|
| ARABIC, SHUWA |
Arabe Choa, Shuwa, Shua Arabic, Chadian
Arabic |
|
100,000
in Nigeria (1973 SIL). |
|
| BACAMA |
Bachama,
Bashamma, Abacama, Besema, Bwareba, Gboare |
Mulyen
(Mulwyin, Mwulyin), Opalo, Wa-Duku |
150,000
(1992 CAPRO). |
|
| BADE |
Bedde,
Bede, Gidgid. |
Gashua
Bade (Mazgarwa), Southern Bade (Bade-Kado), Western Bade
(Magwaram. Maagwaram), Shirawa. |
250,000
(1993). |
|
| BARIBA |
Baatonun,
Batonnum, Batonu, Baatonun-Kwara, Bargu, Burgu, Borgu, Borgawa,
Berba, Barba, Bogung, Zana. |
|
100,000
in Nigeria (1995 R. Jones SIM). |
|
| BASA |
Basa-Benue,
Rubasa, Rubassa, 'Bassa-Kwomu', 'Bassa-Komo', Abatsa, Abacha. |
|
100,000
(1973 SIL). |
|
| BATA |
: Gbwata, Batta, Demsa Bata, Gboati, Gbwate, Bete, Birsa, Dunu. |
Zumu
(Zomo, Jimo), Wadi (Wa'i), Malabu, Kobotachi, Ribaw, Demsa,
Garoua, Jirai. |
150,000 in Nigeria (1992). Population
total both countries 152,500. |
|
| BEKWARRA |
Ebekwara, Bekworra, Yakoro. |
|
100,000 (1989 SIL). |
|
| BEROM |
Birom, Berum, Gbang, Kibo, Kibbo, Kibbun,
Kibyen, 'Shosho', Aboro, Boro-Aboro, Afango, Chenberom,
Cen Berom. |
Gyell-Kuru-Vwang (Ngell-Kuru-Vwang),
Fan-Foron-Heikpang, Bachit-Gashish, Du-Ropp-Rim, Hoss. |
300,000 (1993 SIL). |
|
| BOKYI |
Boki, Nki, Okii, Uki, Nfua, Osikom, Osukam,
Vaaneroki. |
Basua (Bashua), Irruan (Erwan, Eerwee),
Boje (Bojie), Kwakwagom, Nsadop, Osokom, Wula (Baswo, Okundi,
Kecwan), Oku, Boorim, Oyokom, Abo (Abu), Eastern Bokyi (East
Boki). |
140,000
in Nigeria (1989 SIL). Population total both countries 144,000. |
|
| BOLE |
Bolanchi,
Ampika, Borpika, Bolewa, Bolawa |
Bara,
Fika (Fikankayen, Anpika). |
100,000
(1990). |
|
| BURA-PABIR |
Bura,
Burra, Bourrah, Pabir, Babir, Babur, Barburr, Mya Bura,
Kwojeffa, Huve, Huviya. |
Pela (Bura Pela, Hill Bura), Hyil Hawul
(Bura Hyilhawul, Plain Bura). |
250,000 (1987 UBS), including 200,000
Pabir (1993). 32,000 in Adamawa State (1992). |
|
| CIBAK |
Chibuk, Chibok, Chibbak, Chibbuk, Kyibaku,
Kibbaku, Kikuk |
|
100,000 (1993 CAPRO) |
|
| DIBO |
Shitako, Zitako, Zhitako. Ganagana, Ganagawa. |
|
100,000 or fewer (1992 Crozier and Blench). |
|
| EBIRA |
Igbirra, Igbarra, Ibara, Kotokori, Katawa,
Kwotto, Igbira, Egbira, Egbura. |
Okene (Hima, Ihima), Igara (Etuno), Koto
(Igu, Egu, Ika, Bira, Biri, Panda). |
1,000,000 (1989 J. Adive). |
|
| EDO |
Bini, Benin, Addo, Oviedo, Ovioba. |
|
1,000,000 (1987 UBS). |
|
| EFIK |
Calabar |
|
400,000 first language speakers (1998),
2,400,000 including second language users (1998). |
|
| EGGON |
Egon, Mo Egon, Mada Eggon, Hill Mada,
Mada Dutse. |
|
140,368 (1990). |
|
| EKIT |
Eket |
|
200,000 (1989). |
|
| EMAI-IULEHA-ORA |
Kunibum, Ivbiosakon. |
Ivhimion, Emai, Iuleha, Ora. |
100,000
(1987 Schaefer). |
|
| ESAN |
Ishan,
Isa, Esa, Anwain. |
Ekpon, Igueben. |
200,000 (1973 SIL) including 7,000 Ekpon
in 7 villages (1998). |
|
| FULFULDE, ADAMAWA |
Eastern Fulfulde, Fulatanchi, Fulani,
Fula, Fillanci. |
|
All Fulfulde in Nigeria: 7,611,000 or
8.6% of the population (1991 SIL). |
|
| FULFULDE, NIGERIAN |
Kano-Katsina-Bororro Fulfulde. |
Kano-Katsina, Bororro (Bororo, Mbororo,
Ako, Nomadic Fulfulde), Sokoto. |
7,611,000 all Fulfulde in Nigeria (1991
SIL), including 340,000 in Sokoto. Population total
all countries 7,611,000. |
|
| GBAGYI |
Ibagyi, Gbagye, Gwari, East Gwari, Gwari
Matai. |
Tawari, Kuta, Diko, Karu, Kaduna, Louome,
Vwezhi, Ngenge (Genge, Gyange, Gyengyen). |
700,000 (1991 SIL). |
|
| GBARI |
Gbari Yamma, Gwari Yamma, West Gwari,
Nkwa. |
Kwali, Izem, Gayegi, Paiko, Botai, Jezhu,
Kong, Kwange (Kangye, Agbawi, Wake, Wi), Wahe. |
300,000 (1991 SIL). |
|
| GERA |
Gerawa |
|
200,000 (1995 CAPRO) |
|
| GOEMAI |
Ankwai, Ankwei, Ankwe, Kemai. |
|
200,000 or more (1995). |
|
| GOKANA |
|
|
100,000
(1989). |
|
| GUN-GBE |
Gu-Gbe,
Gun-Alada |
Alada
(Alada-Gbe), Asento, Gbekon, Gun (Gu-, Egun, Goun), Phela,
Savi, Weme. |
180,000 to 300,000 in Nigeria. |
|
| HAM |
Hyamhum, Jaba, Jabba, Jeba. |
|
100,000 (1994 UBS). |
|
| HAUSA |
Hausawa, Haoussa, Abakwariga, Mgbakpa,
Habe, Kado. Dialects: Kano, Katagum, Hadejiya,
Sokoto, Gobirawa, Adarawa, Kebbawa, Zamfarawa, Katsina,
Arewa. |
|
18,525,000
in Nigeria (1991 SIL). Population total all countries 24,200,000 first language speakers, 39,000,000
including second language speakers (1999 WA). |
|
| HUBA |
Kilba, Chobba. |
Luwa |
175,000 (1992). |
|
| IBIBIO |
|
Enyong,
Central Ibibio, Itak, Nsit. |
1,500,000 to 2,000,000 (1998 B. Connell). |
|
| IDOMA |
|
Idoma
Central (Oturkpo, Akpoto), Idoma West, Idoma South (Igumale,
Igwaale, Ijigbam), Okpogu. |
600,000 (1991 UBS). |
|
| IGALA |
Igara |
Ebu, Idah, Ankpa, Ogugu, Ibaji, Ife,
Anyugba. |
800,000 (1989 UBS). |
|
| IGBO |
Ibo |
Owerri (Isuama), Onitsha, Umuahia (Ohuhu),
Orlu, Ngwa, Afikpo, Nsa, Oguta, Aniocha, Eche, Egbema, Oka
(Awka), Bonny-Opobo, Mbaise, Nsuka, Ohuhu, Unwana. |
18,000,000 or 16.6% of the population
(1999 WA). |
|
| IGEDE |
Igedde,
Egede. |
Ito,
Oju (Central Igede), Worku, Gabu. |
250,000
(1991 UBS). |
|
| IKWERE |
Ikwerre,
Ikwerri. |
Apani,
Akpo-Mgbu-Tolu, Ogbakiri, Emowhua, Ndele, Elele, Omerelu,
Egbedna, Aluu, Igwuruta, Ibaa, Isiokpo, Omagwna, Ubima,
Ipo, Omudioga, Obio, Rumuji. |
200,000 probably (1973 SIL). |
|
| ISEKIRI |
Itsekiri, Ishekiri, Shekiri, Jekri, Chekiri,
Iwere, Irhobo, Warri, Iselema-Otu, Selemo. |
|
510,000 (1991 UBS). |
|
| ISOKO |
'Igabo', 'Sobo', 'Biotu'. |
Ozoro, Ofagbe, Emede, Owe (Owhe), Elu,
Aviara, Iyede, Imiv, Enhwe, Ume, Iwire (Igbide), Olomoro,
Iyede-Ami, Unogboko, Itebiege, Uti, Iyowo, Ibiede, Oyede,
Uzere, Irri (Iri) Ole (Oleh). |
321,000 (1993 Johnstone). |
|
| IZI-EZAA-IKWO-MGBO |
|
IZI (IZZI), EZAA (EZA), IKWO, MGBO (NGBO). |
593,000 (1973 SIL) including 200,000
Izi, 180,000 Ezaa, 150,000 Ikwo, 63,000 Mgbo. |
|
| IZON |
Izo, Uzo, Ijo, Ijaw, Central-Western
Ijo. |
Iduwini, Ogulagha, Oporoza (Gbaranmatu),
Arogbo, Egbema, Olodiama East, Olodiama West, Furupagha,
Kabo (Patani), Kumbo, Tarakiri East, Tarakiri West, Mein
(Northwest Izon), Tuomo, Operemor, Seimbri, Ogboin, Oiakiri,
Oporoma, Apoi, Gbanrain, Kolukuma (Kolokuma, North Izon),
Bumo (South Central Izon), Ekpetiama, Ikibiri, Boma, Ogbe
Ijo. |
1,000,000 (1989 Williamson) including
100,000 Kolokuma (1991 UBS). 1,770,000 all Ijo languages,
2% of the population (1991 SIL). |
|
| JARAWA |
Jaranchi,
Jar, Jara, Jarawan Kogi. |
Bankal
(Bankala, Baranci, Zhar), Ligri, Kanam, Bobar, Gingwak (Gwak,
Jarawan Bununu, Jaracin Kasa). |
150,000 (1978 MARC), including 20,000
Bankal, 19,000 Gingwak. |
|
| JJU |
Kaje, Kajji, Kache. |
|
300,000 (1988 C. McKinney SIL). |
|
| KALABARI |
|
|
257,764
(1989 Jenewari). |
|
| KAMWE |
Higi,
Hiji, Higgi, Vacamwe. |
Nkafa,
Dakwa (Bazza), Sina, Wula, Futu, Tili Pte, Fali Of Kiriya,
Fali Of Mijilu. |
300,000
(1992). |
|
| KANURI,
CENTRAL |
Yerwa
Kanuri, Kanouri, Beriberi, Bornu, Kanoury. |
Kaga
(Kagama), Lare (Lere), Kwayam, Njesko, Kabari (Kuvuri),
Ngazar, Guvja, Mao, Temageri, Fadawa. |
3,000,000 or more in Nigeria (1985 Gunnemark
and Kenrick). Population total all countries 3,500,000
(1987 UBS). All Kanuri in all countries including second
language speakers: 4,000,000 (1999 WA). |
|
| KANURI,
MANGA |
Manga,
Kanouri, Kanoury |
Dagara,
Manga. |
200,000
in Nigeria (1993). |
|
| KAREKARE |
Karaikarai,
Karai Karai, Kerekere, Kerrikerri. |
Jalalam
(West Karekare), Birkai, Kwarta Mataci. |
150,000 to 200,000 (1993 CAPRO. |
|
| KHANA |
Kana, Ogoni. |
Tai, Yeghe, Norkhana, Ken-Khana, Boúe. |
200,000
(1989). |
|
| KIRIKE |
Okrika |
|
248,000
(1995 UBS). |
|
| LOKAA |
Yakurr,
Yakö, Loko, Loke, Luko. |
Ugep,
Nkpam. |
120,000
(1989). |
|
| MADA |
Madda, Yidda. |
|
100,000 (1993 SIL). |
|
| MARGHI
CENTRAL |
Marghi,
Margi. |
Lassa
(Babal), Gulak (Dzerngu), Madube (Gwara), Mulgwe (Malgwa),
Wurga. |
135,000 in Marghi Central, Marghi South,
and Putai languages (1999) |
|
| MBEMBE, CROSS RIVER |
Okam, Oderiga, Wakande Ifunubwa, Ekokoma,
Ofunobwam. |
Okom (Eghom, Ohana-Onyen), Apiapum, Adun,
Osopong (Osophong, Ezopong), Ofombonga (Ewumbonga), Ofonokpan,
Ekama (Ekamu), Oferikpe. |
100,000 (1982 UBS). |
|
| MUMUYE |
Yoro |
Zinna, Dong, Yoro, Lankaviri, Gola (Bajama),
Gongla, Kasaa, Saawa, Jalingo, Nyaaja, Jeng, Gnoore, Yaa,
Sagbee, Shaari, Kugong, Mang, Kwaji, Meeka, Yakoko. |
400,000
in Nigeria (1993 SIL). Population total both countries 400,000 or more. |
|
| MWAGHAVUL |
Sura |
Mupun (Mapan, Mapun), Panyam. |
295,000 (1993 SIL). |
|
| NGAS |
Angas, Kerang, Karang. |
Hill Angas, Plain Angas. |
400,000
(1998 SIL). |
|
| NUPE-NUPE-TAKO |
Nupe,
Nufawa, Nupeci, Nupenchi, Nupecidji, Nupencizi. |
Nupe
Central (Nife, Anupe, Nupecizi, Nupencizi, Ampeyi, Anupecwayi,
Anuperi, Tapa, Tappah, Takpa), Nupe Tako (Bassa Nge). |
800,000 (1990). |
|
| OBOLO |
Andoni, Andone, Andonni. |
Ngo, Ataba, Unyeada, Okoroete, Ibot Obolo. |
100,000
(1990 Uche E. Aaron). |
|
| OGBAH |
Ogba |
Egnih,
Igburu-Usomini. |
170,000
(1993 A. Ahiamadu). |
|
| OGBIA |
Ogbinya |
Kolo,
Oloibiri, Anyama. |
200,000 (1989). |
|
| RON |
'Challa', 'Chala'. |
Bokkos (Alis I Run), Daffo-Butura (Lis
Ma Run), Monguna (Shagawu, Shagau, Nafunfia, Maleni). |
115,000 (1995) including 20,000 Shagawu. |
|
| TANGALE |
Tangle |
Kaltungo, Biliri, Shongom, Ture. |
130,000 (1995 CAPRO). |
|
| TAROK |
Yergam, Yergum, Appa. |
Izini (Hill Tarok), Itarok (Plain Tarok),
Selyer, Itarok Oga Asa, Igyang. |
300,000 (1998 Blench). |
|
| TIV |
'Munshi' |
|
2,212,000 in Nigeria (1991 UBS), 2.5%
of the population (1991 SIL). Population total both
countries 2,212,000. |
|
| TSO |
Lotsu-Piri, Cibbo, Tsóbó, Cuyi Tsó, Pire,
Piri, Kitta. |
Berbou, Gusubou, Swabou. |
16,000 (1992 CAPRO) |
|
| TSUVADI |
Avadi, Abadi, Evadi, Kamberi, Ibeto. |
|
150,000
(1998). |
|
| TYAP |
Katab,
Kataf. |
Kafanchan
(Fantuan, Kpashan), Kachichere (Aticherak, Daroro), Katab
(Atyap, Tyap), Kagoro (Agwolok, Agolok, Agwot, Aguro), Atakat
(Atakar, Attaka, Attakar, Takat), Sholio (Asholio, Asolio,
Osholio, Aholio, Marwa, Morwa, Moroa, Maruwa, Maroa). |
130,000
(1993 SIL). |
|
| UKWUANI-ABOH-NDONI |
|
UKWUANI
(UKWANI, UKWALI, KWALE), ABOH (EBOH), NDONI. |
150,000
(1973 SIL). |
|
| URHOBO |
Biotu,
'Sobo'. |
Agbarho |
546,000 (1993 Johnstone). |
|
| VAGHAT-YA-BIJIM-LEGERI |
Kwanka. |
Vaghat (Tivaghat, Kadun, Kwanka), Ya
(Tiya, Boi), Bijim, Legeri. |
223,859 (1990). |
|
| WAPAN |
Jukun Wukari, Wukari, Wakari, Wapã, Jukun
Wapan, Juku, Jukum, Jukon, Juku Junkun, Jinkum. |
Wukan |
100,000 (1994 UBS). |
|
| YEKHEE |
Etsako, Etsakor, Afenmai, Iyekhee, 'Kukuruku'. |
Auchi, Uzairue, South Ibie (South Ivbie),
Uwepa-Uwano (Weppa Wano), Avianwu (Fugar), Aviele, Ivhiadaobi,
Ekperi. |
274,000 (1995 UBS). |
|
| YORUBA |
Yooba, Yariba. |
Oyo, Ijesha, Ila, Ijebu, Ondo, Wo, Owe,
Jumu, Iworro, Igbonna, Yagba, Gbedde, Egba, Akono, Aworo,
Bunu (Bini), Ekiti, Ilaje, Ikale, Awori. |
18,850,000 in Nigeria (1993 Johnstone). Population
total all countries 20,000,000 (1991 UBS). Including second
language speakers: 22,000,000 (1999 WA). |
|
Sources:
1) Ethnologue
Report for Nigeria
2) LECLERC, Jacques. "Nigeria" dans L'aménagement
linguistique dans le monde, Québec, TLFQ, Université
Laval, 28 oct. 2002,[
http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/nigeria.htm], (18 Juin
2003), 36,6 Ko
Religious
Groups / Groupes religieux
Religious
Groups |
Proportion |
Muslims |
about
50 % |
Christians |
about
40 %
including 10 % of Catholics |
African
Religions |
5
% |
Constituted
from data of: Agence CIP. "Visite de Jean- Paul II
au Nigeria (21- 23 mars), un géant africain aux pieds d'argile",
Bruxelles, CIP, 17 mars 1998, [http://www.catho.be/cip/bulletin/5412/depeche/depcip5412n29.html]
(31 Juillet 2003), 121,5 Ko
| On
estime qu'un peu plus de 50 % des Nigérians sont musulmans
et près de 40 % chrétiens, dont 10 % sont catholiques.
Il y a des centaines d'Eglises indépendantes (Cf. le
Bulletin d'Information Africaine (ANB- BIA, Bruxelles) du
15 février 1998). Il ne resterait que 5 % d'adeptes
des religions africaines. Les musulmans sont concentrés
surtout dans le Nord (haoussa); le Sud- Est (ibo) est presque
entièrement chrétien; les deux groupes sont
mélangés dans les autres régions, surtout
dans le sud- ouest (yorouba). |
Extrait
de: Agence CIP. "Visite de Jean- Paul II au Nigeria
(21- 23 mars), un géant africain aux pieds d'argile",
Bruxelles, CIP, 17 mars 1998, [http://www.catho.be/cip/bulletin/5412/depeche/depcip5412n29.html]
(31 Juillet 2003), 121,5 Ko
Ethnic
Groups / Groupes ethniques
Le
Nigeria compte une population multiethnique et multilingue.
En effet, on dénombre plus de 450 langues et 250 communautés
liées à quatre ethnies principales:
- les Haoussas, établis au nord
- les Peuls (Foulanis), établis au nord,
- les Yoroubas occupent le Sud-Ouest et
- les Ibos le Sud-Est |
Extrait
de: LECLERC, Jacques. "Nigeria" dans L'aménagement
linguistique dans le monde, Québec, TLFQ, Université
Laval, 28 oct. 2002,[
http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/nigeria.htm], (18 Juin
2003), 36,6 Ko |
