Ethno-Net Database: Congo

Langes nationales ou officielles: Kongo, Lingala, Luba-Kasai, Congo Swahili, French.

Langue coloniale: français (Belgique)

Nombres de langes listées: 219

Groupe majoritaire: aucun

Groupes minoritaires: quatre langues nationales (kikongo, lingala, kiswahili et tshiluba) et plus de 200 langues locales (ngala, luba-shaba, songe, phende, kinyarwanda, shi, tetela, zande, etc.)

Population totale: 49,139,000 (1998 UN).

Groupes d'au moins 50,000 locuteurs

Groupe lingusitique	Noms alternatifs	Dialectes	Données officielles	Estimation
ALUR	Lur, Aloro, Alua, Alulu, Luri, Dho Alur, Jo Alur.		500,000 in DRC (1991 UBS). Population total both countries 920,000.
BANGALA	Ngala.		Used by 3,500,000 as second language (1991 UBS).
BANGI	Bobangi, Bubangi, Lobobangi, Rebu, Dzamba.		Population total all countries 70,000 (1990 UBS).
BANGUBANGU	Kibangubangu, Bangobango, Kibangobango.	Bangubangu, Mikebwe, Kasenga, Nonda, Hombo.	171,000 including 85,000 Bangubangu, 30,000 Mikebwe, 20,000 Kasenga, 32,000 Nonda, 4,000 Hombo (1995 SIL).
BEMBA	Ichibemba, Wemba, Chiwemba	Lembue, Lomotua (Lomotwa), Ngoma, Nwesi, Shila.	120,000 in Shila (1972 Barrett).
BEMBA	Kinyabemba
BEMBE	Ibembe, Beembe, Ebembe.		252,000 in DRC (1991 UBS). Population total both countries 252,000 or more.
BERA	Kibira, Plains Bira.		120,000 (1992 SIL).
BINJI	Bindji		64,000 (1971 Welmers).
BUDU	Ebudu, Kibudu, Bodo.	Ineta (Timoniko), Wadimbisa (Isombi), Makoda, West Bafwangada (Bafanio), East Bafwangada, Bafwakoyi, Malamba, Mahaa.	180,000 or more (1991 SIL).
BUDZA	Ebuja, Buja, Budja, Mbudja, Embudja, Limbudza.	Mbila, Monzamboli, Bosambi, Yaliambi.	226,000 (1985 census).
BUSHOONG	Bushong, Busoong, Bushongo, Shongo, Mbale, Bamongo, Mongo, Kuba, Ganga.	Djembe, Ngende, Ngombe (Ngombia), Ngongo, Pianga (Panga, Tsobwa, Shobwa, Shoba).	50,000 to 100,000 (1977 W. Washburn PR).
BWA	Boa, Bua, Boua, Libua, Libwali, Libenge, Kibua, Kibwa.	Leboa-Le, Yewu, Kiba, Benge, Bati (Baati).	200,000 (1994 SIL).
CHOKWE	Cokwe, Ciokwe, Tshokwe, Tschiokwe, Shioko, Djok, Imo.		504,000 in DRC (1990 UBS). Population total all countries 1,009,600.
FULIIRU	Fuliru, Kifuliru, Fulero, Kifulero.		300,000 (1999 SIL).
HEMA	Hema-Sud, Southern Hema, Congo Nyoro, Nyoro, Runyoro.	Toro (Orutoro, Tooro).	Population total all countries 160,000 (1996 SIL)
HEMBA	Kihemba, Emba, Kiemba, Luba-Hemba, Eastern Luba.		85,000 (1976).
HUNDE	Kihunde, Kobi, Rukobi.		200,000 (1980 UBS).
KANYOK	Kanyoka, Kanioka.		200,000 (1991 UBS).
KELA	Okela, Ikela, Lemba.		180,000 (1972 Barrett).
KELE	Lokele, Ekele, Kili, Likelo, Yakusu.		160,000 (1980 UBS) including 7,000 Yalikoka (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin).
KITUBA	Kikongo-Kutuba, Kikongo Simplifi?Kikongo Ya Leta, Kileta, Kikongo Commercial, Kibulamatadi.	: Ikeleve, Western Kituba, Eastern Kituba.	4,200,000 (1990 UBS), 5,000,000 including second language users (1989 Mufwene).
KOMO	Kikomo, Kikumu, Kikuumu, Kikumo, Kuumu, Kumu, Kumo.		400,000 (1998 SIL).
KONGO	South Congo, Central Kongo, West Kongo (Fiote, Fioti), Bwende (Buende), Laadi, East Kongo, Southeast Kongo, Nzamba (Dzamba).		1,000,000 in DRC (1986 UBS). Population total all countries 3,217,000 (1991 UBS).
KONGO, SAN SALVADOR	Kikongo, Congo, Kisikongo, Kikoongo.		Population total both countries 1,500,000 (1989 UBS).
KWESE	Pindi, Kikwese, Ukwese.		60,000.
LALIA			55,000 or more (1993 estimate).
LEGA-MWENGA	Shile, Kilega, Rega, Kirega, Leka-Shile, Leka-Sile, Ishile, Ileka Ishile.	Iyoko, Ibanda, Isopo, Lusenge, Bilembo-Mango, Mizulo.	35,000 to 40,000 or more (1994 ACM).
LEGA-SHABUNDA	Kilega, Rega, Kirega, Ileka-Igonzabale, Leka-Igonzabale, Igonzabale.	Kigala, Kigyoma, Liliga, Kisede, Kinyabanga, Kinyamunsange (Pangi).	400,000 (1982 UBS).
LENDU	Bbadha, Bbaledha, Kilendu, Baletha, Batha, Balendru, Bale, Hema-Nord, Kihema-Nord.	Djadha, Tadha, Pidha, Ddralo, Njawlo, Gegere.	750,000 in DRC (1996 C. Kutsch Lojenga SIL). Population total both countries 760,000.
LENGOLA	Kilengola, Lengora.		100,000 or fewer (1998).
LESE	Lesa, Lesse, Lissi, Walisi, Walese, Balese, Mbuti.	Lese Karo, Arumbi (Upstream Lese), Ndese (Lese Dese), Vukutu (Vonkutu, Obi), Fare.	50,000 (1991 SIL).
LIKA	Kilika, Toriko, Kpongo, Mabiti.	Lik?k?Lilik?ik?Lilik?Lik?	60,000 including 57,000 in Wamba District, 3,000 in Rungu District (1989 SIL).
LUBA-KASAI	Luba-Lulua, Tshiluba, Western Luba, Luva.		6,300,000 (1991 UBS).
LUBA-KATANGA	Luba-Shaba, Kiluba.		1,505,000 (1991 UBS).
LUGBARA	High Lugbara.	Zaki, Abedju-Azaki, Lu, Aluru, Nio, Otsho.	288,000 in DRC (1993 Johnstone).
LUNA	Inkongo, Kuba, Northern Luba.		50,000.
MAMVU	Tengo	Amengi, Mamvu (Momvu, Momfu).	60,000 (1991 SIL).
MANGBETU	Nemangbetu, Mangbettu, Mambetto, Amangbetu, Kingbetu.	Meje (Medje), Mangbetu, Makere, Malele, Popoi.	620,000. Population total both countries 650,000 (1985 UBS).
MAYOGO	Maigo, Maiko, Mayko, Kiyogo, Majugu, Mayugo.	Madimadoko, Madipia (Mabozo, Magbai, Mabodese, Madjedje).	100,000 (1991 McCord SIL).
MBALA	Gimbala, Rumbala.		200,000 (1972 Nida).
MBANDJA	Mbanza, Mbanja, Mbandza.	Kala, Gbado.	Population total all countries 200,000 (1982 M. Hill).
MBOLE	Lombole	Keembo, Nkimbe (Nkembe), Yangonda, Yaisu, Inja, Botunga, Yaamba, Yaikole.	100,000 (1971 Welmers).
MONGO-NKUNDU	Mongo, Lomongo.	Mpama, Wangata, Panga (Ipanga, Titu, Buli, South Nkundo), Bukala (Kala), Yalima (Yajima), Kutu (Bakutu), Ekonda Mongo (Lomongo), Longo (Bolongo), Nkundo (Nkundu, Lonkundu, Lonkundo, Lolo), Ntomba-Inongo, Ntomba-Bikoro, Konda (Ekonda, Lokonda, Lokwala), Longombe.	400,000 or more (1995 estimate). 4,800,000 (1993 Johnstone) or 17% of the population (1978 WA) all Mongo languages in DRC.
MONO	Amono	Bili, Bubanda, Galaba, Kaga, Mpaka.	65,000 (1984 census).
MPUONO		MPUONO, MPUUN (MBUUN, KIMBUUN, MBUNDA, GIMBUNDA).	165,000 (1972 Nida).
NANDI	Kinandi, Kinande, Nande, Northern Nande, Ndande, Orundande.	Nandi, Kumbule (Ekikumbule), Mate (Ekimate), Tangi (Ekitangi), Sanza (Ekisanza), Shu (Ekishu), Ekisongoora (Songola, Nyangala), Swaga (Ekiswaga, Ekikira), Yira (Ekiyira).	903,000 (1991 UBS).
NDO	Ke'bu, Oke'bu, Kebutu, Ndu.	Avari (Avare, Avere, Aviritu), Oke'bu, Membi (Membitu, Meembi, Mombi, Ndo).	100,000. Population total both countries 300,000 (1991 UBS).
NGANDO	Ngandu, Longandu.		220,000 or more (1995 estimate).
NGBAKA	Ngbaka Minangende, Ngbaka Gbaya.		1,000,000 in DRC (1999). Population total all countries 1,005,000 or more.
NGBANDI, NORTHERN	Ngwandi, Mongwandi, Baza.		105,000 (1989). Population total both countries 105,000.
NGBANDI, SOUTHERN	Mongbandi, Mbati, Ngbandi-Sud, Ngbandi-Ngiri, Ngwandi, Mongwandi.		105,000.
NGITI	Kingiti, Ngeti, Kingeti, Ndruna, Druna, Bindi, Lendu-Sud.		100,000 (1991 SIL).
NGOMBE	Lingombe	Binja (Binza, Libindja, Libinja), Wiindza-Baali, Doko.	150,000 (1971 Welmers).
NTOMBA	Lontomba, Ntumba, Luntumba, Ntomba-Bolia.	Imona, Mpongo, Nkole, Ntomba, Sakanyi, Soko, Saw.	100,000 (1980 UBS).
NYANGA	Kinyanga, Inyanga.	Inyanga, Ifuna, Ikumbure, Itiri.	150,000 (1994 census).
PHENDE	Kipende, Giphende, Pende, Gipende, Pindi, Pinji.		420,000 (1991 UBS).
RWANDA	Kinyarwanda, Ruanda.	Bwisha (Kinyabwisha), Mulenge (Kinyamulenge), Twa.	250,000 possibly in DRC (UBS).
SAKATA	Kisakata, Saka, Lesa, Odual.	Sakata, Djia (Kidjia, Dia, Dja), Bai (Kibai).	75,000 (1982 UBS).
SALAMPASU	Chisalampasu	Luntu	60,000 (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin).
SANGA	Kisanga, Southern Luba, Luba-Sanga, Luba-Garenganze.		431,000 (1991 UBS).
SHI	Mashi	Lindja, Hwindja (Lwindja), Ziba, Longe-Longe.	654,000 (1991 UBS).
SONGE	Songye, Kisongye, Lusonge, Kalebwe, Northeast Luba, Yembe, Kisonge, Luba-Songi, Kisongi.	Western Kalebwe (Esambi Kipya, Songe), Eastern Kalebwe (Kilombeno Kibya, Ikalebwe), Mbagani.	1,000,000 (1991 WA) including 150,000 in Western Kalebwe (1982 UBS).
SONGOMENO			50,000 (1972 Barrett).
SUKU	Kisuku		50,000 (1980 UBS).
TAABWA	Rungu, Ichitaabwa, Tabwa	Shila	250,000 in DRC (1972 Barrett). Population total both countries 250,000 or more.
TEKE, CENTRAL	Kiteke	Kwe, Njinju (Njyunjyu, Ndzikou, Ndzindziju, Nziku, Nzinzihu), Wuo, Boma (Boo, Eboo, Eboom, Boma Mbali, Bamboma).
TEKE, EASTERN	Kiteke, Ibali.	Mosieno, Ngee (Esingee), Bali (Ambali, Teo, Tio, Tyo).	Population total both countries 71,000.
TEMBO	Motembo, Litembo.		5,000 (1986 SIL).
TETELA	Otetela, Sungu.		750,000 (1991 UBS).
YANSI	Yanzi, Eyanzi, Kiyanzi, Eyansi.	Yeei (Yey).	100,000 or more (1997 Salikoko Mufwene).
ZANDE	Pazande, Zandi, Azande, Sande, Asande, Badjande, Bazenda.		730,000 in DRC. Population total all countries 1,142,000.
ZIMBA		Binja (Soe, Sole), Semulu (Semolo, Nyembombo, Kisembombo), Semalinga, Kwange, Mamba (Kyenyemamba).	120,000 (1994 census).

Constituée de données extraites de:
1) LECLERC, Jacques. "Congo-Kinshasa" dans L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde, Québec, TLFQ, Université Laval, 28 oct. 2002,[http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/czaire.htm], (18 Juin 2003), 83,7 Ko
2) Ethnologue Report for DR Congo

Groupes religieux / Religious Groups

Religious Groups	Proportion
Catholoques	40 %
Protestants	35 %
Kimbanguistes (une importante Église d'origine africaine)	10 %
Musulmans	9 %
Religions juives ou grecques-orthodoxes	non connue

Constituée de données extraites de: LECLERC, Jacques. "Congo-Kinshasa" dans L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde, Québec, TLFQ, Université Laval, 28 oct. 2002,[http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/czaire.htm], (18 Juin 2003), 83,7 Ko

Groupes linguistiques / Linguistic Groups

Le Congo-Kinshasa compte quelque 250 ethnies qui peuvent être réparties en plusieurs groupes.

Le premier groupe est formé par les peuples bantous (env. 80 % de la population) dont les principales ethnies sont:
- les Luba (18 %),
- les Mongo (17 %),
- les Kongo (12 %) et
- les Rwandais hutus et tutsis (10 %);

Les autres ethnies bantoues sont:
- les Lunda,
- les Tchokwé,
- les Tetela,
- les Bangala,
- les Shi,
- les Nande,
- les Hunde,
- les Nyanga,
- les Tembo et
- les Bembe.

Les ethnies non bantoues se répartissent entre:
- les Soudanais (Ngbandi, Ngbaka, Mbanja, Moru-Mangbetu et Zande),
- les Nilotiques (Alur, Lugbara et Logo), les Chamites (Hima) et
- les Pygmées (Mbuti, Twa, Baka, Babinga).

Extrait de: LECLERC, Jacques. "Congo-Kinshasa" dans L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde, Québec, TLFQ, Université Laval, 28 oct. 2002,[http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/czaire.htm], (18 Juin 2003), 83,7 Ko

MOST ETHNO-NET AFRICA DATABASE

CONGO (Kinshasa)