TCHAD / CHAD

Groupes linguistiques

Noms alternatifs

Dialectes

Données officielles

Estimation

ARABIC, CHADIAN SPOKEN

Arabe Choa, Shuwa Arabic, Shua Arabic, Shua, Chowa, Chad Arabic, Chadian Arabic, Suwa, L'arabe du Tchad 

Batha (Biltine), Chari-Baguirmi (Salamat).

754,590 speakers in Chad, 12% of the population (1993 census). Probably spoken by half the population including second language speakers (1977 J. Bendor-Samuel). Population total all countries 986,200.

BUDUMA

Boudouma, Yidena, Yedima, Yedina, Yidana.

Southern Buduma, Northern Buduma.

51,600 in Chad (1993 SIL and census). 

DAY

Dai

Bouna, Bangoul, Ngalo, Takawa-Béngoro.

49,916 (1993 census). 

DAZAGA

Daza, Dasa, Dazza.

282,281 in Chad (1993 census). Population total both countries 312,300. 

FULFULDE, ADAMAWA

Adamawa Fulani, Peul, Peulh, Pullo, Pule, Ful, Fula Fulbe, Boulbe, Eastern Fulani, Foulfoulde, Nagapelta, Pelta Hay, Domona, Pladina, Palata, Paldida, Paldena, Dzemay, Zemay, Taareyo, Zaakosa, Biira, Sanyo. 

Maroua, Garoua, Ngaoundéré, Kambariire, Nomadic Fulfulde, Bilkire Fulani (Bilkiri).

128,000 in Chad, with Kano-Katsina-Bororro Fulfulde; 152,146 all Fulfulde varieties in Chad (1993 census).

GOR

Bodo

Bodo, Yamod.

75,000 (1999 J. Roberts SIL).  

GULAY

Goulai, Goulei, Gulei, Gulai, Goulaye.

Gulay, Pen (Peni)

163,271 (1993 census), including 23,500 Pen in 26 villages (1995 Djarangar). 

KANEMBU

Kanambu, Kanembou. 

Karkawu, Mando, Nguri.

389,028 (1993 census), including 168,441 in Lac Prefecture, 68,032 in Chari-Baguirmi Prefecture.

KANURI, CENTRAL

Yerwa Kanuri, Kanoury, Kanouri, Bornu, Bornouans, Bornouan, Aga, Kole, Kolere, Sirata, 'Baribari', 'Beriberi'. 

Dagara, Kaga (Kagama), Sugurti, Lare, Kwayam, Njesko, Kabari (Kuvuri), Ngazar, Guvja, Mao, Temageri, Fadawa. 

93,638 in Chad including 34,549 in Chari-Baguirmi and 23,287 in N'Djaména (1993 census).

LAKA

Kabba Laka. 

Mang, Bémour, Maïngao, Goula, Paï.

55,143 in 310 villages in Chad (1991 census). Population total both countries 57,200.

MABA

Mabang, Mabangi, Maban, Mabaa, Mabak, Bura Mabang, Bora Mabang, Kana Mabang, Ouaddao, Ouaddaien, Waddayen, Wadai, Wadaikns, Bourgu, Borgu, Borgotke.

Bakha, Abkar, Kajanga (Kajangan), Kelingan, Malanga, Mandaba (Ma Ndaba), Mandala (Ma Dala), Nyabadan, Kodoo, Ouled Djemma, Kujinga, Dondongo.

250,000 (1999 J. Roberts SIL).  

MANGO

Mongo, Mbay Doba, Doba. 

50,000 (1981 Bernard Lanne).  

MARBA

'Azumeina, Azumeina, Maraba, Kolong, Kulung

124,357 (1993 census).  

MASANA

Masa, Massa, 'Banana'

Yagwa (Yagoua), Bongor, Wina (Viri), Walia (Walya), Domo, Gizay (Guissey, Gisey), Bugudum (Budugum), Gumay (Goumaye), Ham.

109,093 in Chad (1993 census). Population total both countries 212,000.

MBAY

Mbai, Mbaye, Sara Mbai, Moissala Mbai, Mbay Moissala.

Bédjou, Kan (Mbay-Kan), Ngoka (Mbang), Bédégué, Mougo, Bbate.

Population total all countries 100,000 (1981 UBS). 

MUNDANG

Moundan, Moundang, Kaele, Nda.

Kabi, Zasing (Yasing).

160,880 in Chad (1993 census). Population total both countries 205,000. 

MUSEY

Moussei, Musei, Mussoi, Moussey, Mussoy, Mosi, Bananna, Bananna Ho Ho, Museyna. 

Bongor-Jodo-Tagal-Berem-Gunu, Pe-Holom-Gamé, Jaraw-Domo, Lew. 

175,640 in Chad (1993 census). Population total both countries 195,640. 

NABA

Bilala (Boulala, Bulala, Mage, Ma), Kuka (Kouka, Lisi), Medogo (Modogo, Mud). 

232,448 including 136,629 Bilala, 76,660 Kuka, and 19,159 Medogo (1993 census).  

NANCERE

Nanjeri, Nanchere, Nantcere, Nangjere, Nangcere. 

71,609 (1993 census).  

NGAMBAY

Sara, Sara Ngambai, Gamba, Gambaye, Gamblai, Ngambai.

Lara, Benoye, Murum (Mouroum), Kere, Bemar (Daba De Goré).

750,000 in Chad (1999 SIL). Population total all countries 750,000 or more. 

SAR

Sara, Sara Madjingay. 

Majingai (Majinngay, Madjingaye, Madjingay, Madja Ngai), Nar, No. 

183,471 (1993 census) including 74,670 Madjingay (1964), 16,260 No (1964), 32,000 Nar (1977). 

TAMA

Tamongobo, Tamok, Tamot. 

Tama, Gimr (Orra, Qimr, Haura), Jabaal (Mileere, Missirii, Miisiirii, Milri), Erenga. 

62,931 (1993 census).  

TUPURI

Tuburi, Toubouri, Toupouri, Ndore. 

Bang-Ling, Bang-Were, Faale-Piyew, Podokge, Bang-Go, Kaele, Mata.

90,785 in Chad (1993 census).  

ZAGHAWA

Soghaua, Zeggaoua, Zagaoua, Zorhaua, Zagawa, Zeghawa, Berri, Beri-Aa, Beria, Beri, Merida, Kebadi, Kuyuk, Zauge. 

Tuer-Gala, Kobe-Kapka, Dirong-Guruf. 

77,834 in Chad including the Bideyat (1993 census).  

Le Tchad est composé de nombreux groupes ethniques. Les 12 principaux sont:

- les Sara (27,7 %),
- les Arabes (12,3 %),
- les Mayo-Kebbi (11,5 %),
- les Kanem-Bornou (9 %),
- les Ouaddai (8,7 %),
- les Hadjarai (6,7 %),
- les Tandjilé (6,5 %),
- les Goranes (6,3 %),
- les Fitri Batha (4,7 %),
- les Peuls (2,4 %),
- les Baguirmiens (1,5 %),
- les Iro (0,5 %).


Le tableau ci-deesous illustre la répartition de la population par lieu de résidence, selon le groupe ethnique.

Répartition de la population
par lieu de résidence, selon le groupe ethnique

Source : BCR, Ministère du plan et de la coopération, RGPH/93.